Sentence examples for influent phosphate from inspiring English sources
Significant reduction (>90%) of the influent phosphate concentration was achieved at all the HRT.
The time concentration profile parameters were derived at different influent phosphate concentrations that ranged between 50 and 500 mg/L, and hydraulic residence time (HRT) (6, 12 and 24 h), to determine the performance efficiency of the column reactor.
Results show that the isotopic fractionation between effluent and influent phosphate at early stage of transport could be ~ 1.3‰ at higher flow rates with isotopically-light phosphate (P16O4) preferentially retained in the sediment column.
Maximum efficiency of the reactor for phosphate removal was 99% at pH of 6, current density of 3 A, detention time of 60 min, and influent phosphate concentration of 50 mg/l.
The low ISS/TSS ratio observed in this study under steady-state conditions (0.04 mg mg−1), in comparison to typical ISS/TSS ratios of high grade PAO enrichments [0.60 mg mg−1 (Schuler and Jenkins 2003a)] indicates that the sludge did not contain significant quantities of poly-P as expected from the experimental design with the low influent phosphate concentration.
Furthermore, it demonstrates that 'Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis' are able to proliferate in activated sludge systems for periods of up to 128 days or longer when the influent phosphate concentrations are just enough for assimilation purposes and no poly-P is formed.
Model-based analysis shows that the combination of an ammonium (SNHX) and total suspended solids (XTSS) control strategy (A1) better adapts the system to influent dynamics, improves phosphate (SPO4) accumulation by phosphorus accumulating organisms (XPAO) (41%), increases nitrification/denitrification efficiency (18%) and reduces aeration energy (Eaeration) (21%).
The 'Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis' retain the ability to switch to the PAO phenotype, taking up phosphate from the influent as soon as it becomes available.
The study reported 40% more accumulation of P in shoots than roots at an influent level of 6.77 mg/L phosphate.
Therefore, low influent P/C ratios or the periodical phosphate limitation may lead to 'Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis' clade II enrichments while high P/C influent ratios may support the development of 'Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis' clade I cultures.
Finally, the influence of pH and calcium and phosphate concentrations in the influent was also assessed, in order to determine the contribution of precipitation in the different operating conditions.
