Generally speaking, translation of scales and questionnaires requires explicit attention since translation may influence validity [ 35].
We were unable to identify periods with heavy workload to rule out whether this may have influenced validity.
This generates a hypothesis that blinding might influence validity of results from placebo-controlled, double-blind randomised trials.
In acupuncture RWR, without rigorous inclusion criteria, randomization, and standardized treatments, potential confounding factors may often exist, and therefore, influence validity and reliability of findings.
Coding of thick descriptions into thin description by only one researcher might influence validity of the findings, although we used pre-defined concepts for coding to address this problem.
Data are based on self-report, which may influence validity, although great care was exercised (e.g., by protecting participants' anonymity, using skilled interviewers trusted in the study communities) to address key sensitivities; validity in studies relying in similar approaches has been found to be good [ 92].
The experience from the EPHT Trial showed a difference between the blind and non-blind trial in the number of coronary heart disease events, cerebrovascular disease events and all outcomes combined among recruited women, but not for cancer, bone fractures and total mortality, indicating that blinding may influence validity of results, and the effect may vary for different outcomes.
An immediate question is how much this result influences the validity of the model.
By contrast, very few studies [32] have explored whether task context influences the validity (or accuracy) of temporal estimates.
A key element that influences content validity in developing instruments for evaluating the quality of teaching is culture.
