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Alterations in vascular substratum compliance directly influence endothelial cell behavior and may participate in the onset and/or progression of CVDs.
In order to establish whether astrocyte-derived VEGF can also influence endothelial cell survival in the developing retinal vasculature, we analyzed network morphology around arteries.
Given their ability to influence endothelial cell biology in vitro, we further studied the effects of the total sulfated polysaccharide preparation from L. saccharina (L.s.-P) and its purified fractions on tumor growth and tumor-related angiogenesis in vivo.
In a third experimental model we performed an endothelial cell spheroid sprouting assays using purified HUVEC [16] to exclude that cells other then endothelial cells present in the vascular wall of aortic rings, in particular, fibroblasts, could potentially influence endothelial cell sprouting in response to radiation through paracrine effects [17].
Redox mechanisms may influence endothelial cell functions by modulating p38, PTP1B/VEGFR/Akt and Notch signaling pathways.
To conclude, several metabolites showing strong associations with fluid retention may influence endothelial cell function, modulate renal regulation of fluid/electrolyte homeostasis, or reflect the nutritional balance.
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At the cellular and molecular levels, vascular endothelial cells have been shown to regulate bone remodelling via cell signalling networks of ligand-receptor complexes and osteoblasts release growth factors that influence endothelial cells [ 3].
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent mitogenic cytokine which has been identified as the principal polypeptide growth factor influencing endothelial cell (EC) migration and proliferation.
VEGF, induces modification of the actin cytoskeleton and influences endothelial cell permeability and migration during angiogenesis.
Thrombospondin-1 belongs functionally to a group of diverse multidomain counteradhesive proteins influencing endothelial cell behaviour [ 46- 48].
However, VEGF influences endothelial cell proliferation and migration and has been reported to stimulate the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in HUVEC cells [ 4, 70].
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