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Kempe et al. [7] formulated this problem under two basic stochastic influence cascade models: the Independent Cascade (IC) model [2] and the Linear Threshold (LT) model [7].
However, their greedy algorithm relies on the Monte Carlo simulation on influence cascade to estimate the influence spread, which makes the algorithm slow and not scalable.
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Note also that the PGC values, shown along the elements of the serial chain, steadily increase from N1 to N5 (diagonal in Table 1), reflecting the embedded mediated causal influences cascading along the chain.
Polyphenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins, seem to influence the cascade of reactions associated with insulin secretion and signalling [ 33], especially modulating adipokines, increasing the expression of GLUT4, decreasing the expression of retinol binding protein in blood, activating AMP-activated protein kinase and reducing oxidative stress [ 34].
The influences of cascade solidity and of interference caused by multiple reflections of sound waves within the blade passages are examined in detail.
Why is there no political debate on how to tackle the grotesque unfairness that results from the public school/Oxbridge escalator to positions of power and influence – which cascades down the generations – or even to acknowledge that there is an issue to tackle?
The old design was reminiscent of Dealmap and 8coupons, but the new look has a lot more Pinterest influence, with cascading verticals and deals-in-boxes.
The significance of the influence of cascading failures can be recognized through many examples of catastrophic incidents reportedly stem from this type of dependent failure, e.g., the explosion of Boeing 707, Pan Am flight 214, on 8 December 1963 and Boeing 747, TWA 800, on 17 July 1999 (Negroni 2013).
The influence of cascades on the spatial propagation of signals has been considered before [8] [16].
We speculate that an understudied, potentially important signaling pathway influencing this cascade may be the inositol polyphosphates.
Managing — or at least influencing — information cascades will become one of the core communications competencies of top-level executives.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com