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The inflow of knowledge dramatically increased the economy's productive potential; the global market provided the demand necessary to fulfil it.
X 1, X 2, X 3, and X 4 represents the foreign direct investment issues such as infrastructure, technological diffusion, facilitation of trade, and increase in export markets and inflow of knowledge management.
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In particular, it looks at how regions with large absorptive capacity make the most of external inflows of knowledge and information brought in by means of inventor mobility and networks, and fosters local innovation.
Chesbrough's original definition is "the purposive use of inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate innovation in one's market, and expand the use of internal knowledge in external markets, respectively" [10].
Open innovation is "the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation, and expand the markets for external use of innovation, respectively" (Chesbrough et al. 2006).
Open innovation is defined as "the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation, and extend the markets for external use of innovation, respectively" (Chesbrough et al., 2006).
He defines open innovation as "the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation and to expand the markets for external use of innovation" (Chesbrough et al. 2006, p.1).
The 'sixth-generation' model emerged when Chesbrough (2003a, b) postulated the open innovation paradigm, which highlights the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation, and expand the markets for external use of innovation, respectively.
Open innovation has been defined as "… the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation, and expand the markets for external use of innovation…" (Chesbrough 2003).
The phrase, open innovation, was coined by Henry Chesbrough and is the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation, and also to expand the markets for external use of innovation.
In addition, foreign direct investment (FDI) is considered as one of the major conduits of technology diffusion across borders since the inflow of FDI contains knowledge about new technologies and materials, production methods, or organizational management skills (Bodman and Le 2013).
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