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The pump inflow conduit (IFC) has been implicated in embolic complications.
The third alternative solution considered surface adjustment for the external part of the inflow conduit design.
In our experience, the only components vulnerable to pannus formation are the inflow conduit and its associated valve, and then only when the inflow conduit is distorted at implantation.
We describe an illustrative case of a patient supported with a HeartMate XVE LVAD who suffered a device-related stroke that was attributed to the inflow conduit, which was distorted during implantation to configure the pump for the patient's narrow body habitus.
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Gross examination of the pump inflow conduits, the pump interiors, and the impeller surfaces from all sheep showed no remarkable thromboembolic fragments.
Although the same mechanisms are not likely to translate completely to Mt. Tokachidake (there is no stable lake in crater 62-2), meteoric water inflow to the conduit resulting from decreased hydrothermal upflow from depth could cause deposition of sulfur.
The pump's inflow and outflow conduits were also free of thrombus.
Four patients with brachial artery-based arteriovenous fistula and DASS underwent RUDI as described above using either the proximal radial or ulnar artery as inflow and vein as conduit.
LA function has 3 phases: reservoir (inflow during ventricular systole), conduit (passive emptying during ventricular relaxation and diastasis), and contraction (active emptying near ventricular end-diastole) [ 2].
Previous VA, comorbidities, as diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease and congestive heart failure play a crucial role in the surgical strategy, as these factors could influence proper functioning of the inflow, outflow, or the conduit of AVF.
These novel strain parameters aid to assess the different left atrial functional stages: the reservoir function (storage of PV inflow during ventricular systole), conduit function (passive emptying during early diastole), and contractile function (active emptying at late diastole) [ 11, 12].
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