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The development of COPD results from a combination of polygenic inflammatory vulnerability and environmental factors, mainly tobacco smoke, leading to lung tissue remodelling and a non-reversible airflow limitation [3].
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Aging is associated with increased vulnerability to inflammatory challenge.
These findings suggest that Parkin loss changes sensitivity to specific inflammatory mediators and increases vulnerability to inflammation-induced degeneration.
Childhood SES has for instance been associated with behavioral and environmental risk-factors [ 13- 15] and with biological changes increasing vulnerability to inflammatory disorders [ 16].
How systemic inflammatory mediators and brain vulnerability might interact during sickness behaviour syndrome to produce delirium has been more comprehensively reviewed elsewhere [ 8].
Inflammatory stimuli profoundly increase the vulnerability of the vessel wall to atherogenesis.
It is unclear whether hyperglycaemia, the diabetic state, the longstanding vascular effects of diabetes, or the systematic inflammatory response confers the increased vulnerability to SWI.
We therefore hypothesize that ambient air pollution might increase plaque vulnerability by these subclinical inflammatory responses.
If early pregnancy is the period of vulnerability to establishment of inflammatory responses to low virulence organisms that will increase the risk of preterm birth, then candidiasis late in pregnancy may be unimportant.
This might maintain a high level of anti-inflammatory activity during the period of vulnerability to oedema after extubation.
Physiological impact of both vascular and nonvascular disease on inflammatory, endocrine, and immune systems may increase vulnerability to depressive symptoms (39,40).
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