Conditioning, or associative learning, is inferred if the animal's behaviour changes in certain ways and if that change can be attributed to the temporal relationship between these events.
Conversely, a cytoplasmic effect can be inferred if the markers are distorted in only one of the reciprocal F2 populations.
As can be inferred, if there are no errors and inaccuracies in the control of robots, this technique works perfectly.
The idea is that $\osim p$ may be inferred if the exhaustive search for a proof of the atomic statement $p$ failed.
Since this is very shortly after northward turning of the IMF, a causal relation could be inferred if AL was used as the timing indicator for this substorm.
Shoplifting was inferred if the absence of a particular item could not be attributed to the item being sold, used, damaged, relocated or given away.
In the context of home automation, for example, a greater deal of intentions can be inferred, if the semantics and sentics associated with the object 'coffee machine' are known.
A diagnosis of alcohol abuse was inferred if the patient was recorded as ever participating in an alcohol abuse program or if listed as a medical condition by the physician on a problem list or appeared as a diagnosis in the medical record.
Social learning is then inferred if the individuals in each group tend to adopt the method of their demonstrator.
In cases where more than one SNP was heterozygous in an amplicon from one individual, haplotypes were inferred if only two haplotypes were observed in homozygous individuals (i.e., complete LD), otherwise they were treated as missing data.
Positive selection upon sequences within these datasets was inferred if the resulting distribution was bimodal (as opposed to unimodal if selection was approximately uniform among the sequences analyzed) with one peak centered about a value of 1 or greater.
