Exact(15)
Line (3) above may be called an inference form, and (1) and (2) are then instances of that inference form.
In virtue of this feature, the form (3) is termed a valid inference form.
Closely related to the idea of a valid inference form is that of a valid proposition form.
Moreover, although p ⊃ q does not mean that q can be deduced from p, yet whenever a wff of the form α ⊃ β is valid, the inference form "α, therefore β" is likewise valid.
The study of proposition forms can, in fact, be made to include that of inference forms in the following way: let the premises of any given inference form (taken together) be abbreviated by alpha and its conclusion by beta.
In another invalid inference form, "denying the antecedent," the categorical proposition denies the antecedent of the conditional, and the conclusion denies the conclusion of the conditional: If Othello is a bachelor, then he is male.
Similar(45)
Formal logic is concerned with proposition forms as well as with inference forms.
Formal logic as a study is concerned with inference forms rather than with particular instances of them.
Essentially this consists of a set of rules for drawing conclusions from hypotheses (assumptions, premises) represented by wffs of PC and thus for constructing valid inference forms.
One of its tasks is to discriminate between valid and invalid inference forms and to explore and systematize the relations that hold among valid ones.
The invalidity of these inference forms is indicated by the fact that in each case it is possible for the premises of the inference to be true while the conclusion is false.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com