Covers a variety of causal inference designs, including experiments, matching, regression, panel methods, difference-in-differences, synthetic control methods, instrumental variables, regression discontinuity designs, quantile regression, and bounds.
One of these challenges is haplotype inference; methods for haplotype inference designed for small data sets from candidate-gene studies do not scale well to the large number of individuals genotyped in whole-genome association studies.
At GTC-Beijing, it announced inference designs with Alibaba Cloud, Tencent, Baidu Cloud, JD.com, and iFlytek.
This paper considers them as an independent category because almost all of them are inspired by intelligent behaviors in nature such as inference, designing, thinking, and learning.
4For a recent debate on the application of causal inference designs in population studies see: Bhrolcháin and Dyson 2007; Duncan et al. 2007; Engelhardt, Kohler, and Fürnkranz-Prskawetz 2009; Fricke 2003; Hoem 2010; Moffitt 2003, 2005; Neyer and Andersson 2008; Russo and Williamson 2011; Smith 2009, 2014; Xie 2007, 2013.
The idea is to iterate an observation-inference-design cycle so as to gain information about an exoplanet system more quickly than is possible with random or ad hoc scheduling.
Emphasis on: causal inference, study design and sampling, bias and confounding, the generalizability of research, health policy and research ethics.
ANFIS introduces a neural network (NN) approach in fuzzy inference system design (Jang 1993; Jang and Sun 1995; Jang et al. 1997).
In order to use this prior for large-scale network inference, we design a novel Metropolis-Hastings sampler for graphical models that includes a node labeling as a state space variable.
