Exact(5)
Since this is unlikely to be a consequence of employers paying males and females doing the same job differently – as this would be unlawful – we infer that something else is happening to account for this".
We have an automatic perception of others as subjective agents with their own points of view, thoughts, and goals, and we can quickly interpret minimal visual information to infer that something is animate.
On the other hand, if studies showed that crime rates were completely unaffected by changes in the severity of punishments or the probability of apprehension, we would infer that something else must be going on at the action-theoretic level.
Since people who fear for their lives tend to err on the side of self-protection, we may infer that something other than the imperative of national self-preservation drove the West Point speech and is driving the new policy.
Writings on the 'scientific method', whether from practicing scientists or philosophers, seem to deal mainly with how we design and perform experiments so that we can validly infer that something is or is not the case.
Similar(55)
Trump left it to his listeners to infer what that "something else" might be, but it's not hard to see what he was implying.
In 1903, the year of Spencer's death, the moral philosopher G. E. Moore identified what he called "the naturalistic fallacy" — the logical impossibility of inferring that something is good from a proposition about its natural properties.
The reason for doing controlled trials is to prevent researchers (and the press) from inferring that something works when, in reality, the patient's disease might have begun to resolve on its own has the treatment not been given.
Although some maintain that certain patterns of inference from an "is" to an "ought" are valid (see Thomson 1990, 1 33, for discussion), inferring that something is even prima facie intrinsically wrong from the particular fact that it is not natural certainly seems fallacious.
My reply to this slur was to refer to a film: "Blame it on Rio" (1984 starring Michael Caine & Demi Moore), whose storyline inferred that something about the Brazilian city made it conducive to promiscuous sex, which I thought a much less damning condemnation, if that.
Euler justifies the diagram of "Some A is B" saying that we can infer visually that something in A is also contained in B since part of area A is contained in area B (Euler 1768: 233).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com