Immediately after the thirteenth generation of passaging, we assayed the parasite's infectivity (the proportion of mosquitoes that were infected) on various host lines and the number of spores produced in infected individuals, two important components of the parasite's transmission success.
After thirteen generations, we tested the parasites of each of the evolved parasite lines on each of isofemale host line by measuring the parasites' infectivity (the proportion of mosquitoes that were infected) and the number of spores produced in infected individuals as two components of the parasite's transmission success.
Similarly, we calculated the mean infectivity (1-proportion resistant bacteria) of each assayed phage population.
This model is based on major assumed parameters that include 1) competence of the vector and reservoir hosts, combined with duration of infectivity, and 2) proportion of feeding ticks that acquire infection, combined with the effect of distance between co-feeding ticks.
To determine the natural infection rate or infectivity rate, it was calculated the proportion of the molluscs that were positive for S. mansoni in relation to the total number of molluscs examined.
The phage φCD38-2 has been reported to have a wide host range and was least frequently detected in this data set, contrasting with the other phages that have typically exhibited a narrow spectrum of infectivity, and a larger proportion of the strains harboring medium myovirus-like sequences was found (Mayer et al. 2008; Horgan et al. 2010; Sekulovic et al. 2011, 2014).
Infectivity is given by the proportion, β, of susceptible individuals who become infected by the initial case.
At the end of each experiment, infectivity was calculated as the proportion of exposed fragments per tank that became infected.
A proportion of low-infectivity carriers had high levels of virus in plasma but their infants would not have received optimal enhanced prophylaxis with postnatal HBIg.
The transmission probabilities for HIV [ 12- 14] and the generic STD included in the model [ 13, 15- 20], STD cofactor effects per sex act [ 8, 9], multiplicative factor during high infectivity phase [ 21, 22] and proportion of time condom used that provides protection [ 23, 24] were obtained from the literature.
