Intuitively, this can be explained as follows: as highly susceptible individuals tend to become infected at lower infection pressure and thus earlier relative to less susceptible individuals, and individual infection pressure increases with the number of infecteds, larger group sizes provide more information on the order of infection.
The local infection pressure, Θ, is the ratio of the number of infected individuals in radius r a to the total number of neighbours within that radius.
However, all parts of both field trials were highly infected, and we found no indications in the residuals to support uneven spatial infection pressure.
This effect was however not observed with higher Pythium infection pressure (p = 0.644).
The delay in establishment and development of M. graminicola becomes stronger with higher P. arrhenomanes infection pressure.
The reason why the antagonism was seen most clearly in this set-up is most likely due to the high infection pressure of both pathogens in this system.
Under higher infection pressure, P. arrhenomanes could be detected at all measured time points (10, 20, 45 & 60 DAT; Additional file 2: Fig. S3A, B).
In contrast, a significant decrease in annual infection pressure is predicted for O. ostertagi in cattle due to accelerated development being offset by rapid mortality at higher temperatures.
Plasma proteins contain growth factors that may aid in rate of recovery as well as virus-binding proteins that may reduce infection pressure in the intestine.
The potential increase of the infection pressure on the human population motivates the monitoring of the infection status of foxes over space and time.
This relation was successfully tested for a range of unprotected situations (1994 2000) corresponding to moderate infection pressure and various combinations of plant density and N fertilization.
