Sentence examples for infection inoculation from inspiring English sources

To test interference with virus infection, inoculation mixtures were made by adding 10 μl of each bacterial extract (nucleic acid extracts or French Press preparations) to either an equal volume of PMMoV or TMV-U1 or to 1 μl of PPV 5.15.

To maximize the humidity and increase the probability of infection, inoculations were carried out in the late afternoon on a cloudy day and the inoculated seedlings were covered with a plastic tarp for 24 hours.

The first fitness component analyzed was infectivity, that is, the probability of establishing an infection upon inoculation of a given viral dose [ 32, 33].

The investigators hypothesized that, after a primary route of infection (intramuscular inoculation mimicking a bite from an infected animal), virus multiplies at this primary site leading to virus multiplication occurring simultaneously in the lymphatics and blood stream (primary viremia) followed by the draining lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils [ 33].

Human prion diseases are biologically unique in that the disease process can be triggered through inherited germline mutations in the human PrP gene (PRNP), infection (by inoculation, or in some cases by dietary exposure) with prion-infected tissue, or by rare sporadic events that generate PrPSc [ 1– 4].

The lowest dose required to cause clinical infection by inoculation (104 50% tissue culture infectious doses; 104 TCID50) was also the optimum dose for producing in-contact transmission.

We next sought to investigate the pathogenesis of the infection following inoculation of tg650 mice by the peripheral route.

Statistical methods were developed to estimate the effect of sample type (oropharyngeal swab, cloacal swab, or fecal sample), route of infection (oral inoculation or water transmission) and duck age (3 mo or 6 mo) on viral RNA shedding rates.

The models tested four variables: 1. sample type (oropharyngeal, cloacal, fecal), 2. dpi, 3. percent of 6 mo ducks in a pen, and 4. route of infection (experimental inoculation, water transmission) as well as all two way interactions and a quadratic term for dpi to capture the polynomial shape of the shedding curve over time.

As was demonstrated experimentally, Pteropus bats develop subclinical infection after inoculation with HeV with transient viremia (65, 66).

Ferrets develop a productive infection after inoculation with human and avian influenza viruses without prior adaptation of the virus.