For both endemic and epidemic strains of C. difficile, healthcare facilities act as infection transmission hubs and, therefore, provide obvious targets for intervention.
For analysis and containment purposes, large cities are generally considered to be infection hubs owing to the large population densities and mobility indices.
During secondary infection, however, only one hub protein that has a node degree larger than 9 was selected based on betweenness centrality.
In their paper "Scrub the Hub" on infection due to contamination of central venous catheters (CVC), Lockman et al. [ 9] stressed that interventions carried out according to high hygienic standard is the foremost prerequisite for avoiding CVC infections.
In conclusion, in this paper we propose (i) a signature of seleno-mRNAs specific for human hepatoma cells showing the genes that change their expression as a consequence of the liver cancer in the absence of any genetic mutations or viral infection and (ii) the HUB nodes, representing the centers of correlation that exercise a direct control over the coordinated genes.
Based on the host-pathogen interaction network constructed above, we were able to obtain the number of linkages of each target protein in zebrafish and the corresponding interspecies interaction proteins in C. albicans during the three infection stages, identifying important hub proteins in both species (see Additional file 1.xlsx in supplementary file for details).
In particular, households are considered hubs of infection spread [42] because of high frequency and long duration contacts with high proportion of physical interactions, combined with a high degree of clustering between members of the same household [43].
We also consider the impact of 'transit' patches that could serve as hubs of infection.
Large, localized mosquito populations in areas that people visit regularly may be both reservoirs and hubs of infection, even if people only pass through those locations briefly.
The effects of circumcision and city size were more likely indirect, through their capacity to enhance GUD intensity and allowing the initial hub of infections to potentially reach a threshold, and to spawn secondary foci.
