During primary infection, EBV typically infects and replicates in B cells, whereas EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells are required to produce memory cells.
For an obligate pathogen, the fitness attributes which contribute to the success of specific lineages (drug-resistant or not) might be usefully considered in terms of discrete steps of the infection lifecycle: that is, the ability to establish an infection, and to replicate and persist within a host, as well as the capacity for transmission.
"What happens is if certain infections multiply and replicate in a child's [gastrointestinal] tract, and you get to a certain threshold, then the child gets diarrhoea," Houpt said.
Following the initial invasion, Salmonella serovars capable of causing systemic infection survive and replicates inside macrophages of the spleen and liver [5].
Previous reports have shown that inhaled LVS infects preferentially airway macrophages and dendritic cells, as early as 1 h after infection, and continues to replicate within them [7] [8].
We term the slow replicating pathogen the 'bacterial' infection and the fast replicating pathogen the 'viral' infection.
However, intraocular inoculation of mice with the influenza A (H7N2) virus from the patient (A/New York/107/2003) did not result in infection, and the virus replicated at relatively low levels in murine corneal epithelial cells ex vivo (8, 9 ).
(ii) As parasite developmental dynamics naturally fluctuate between infections, we carried out a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of the GFP transcript levels in each of the time points and replicate infections.
Models were not significantly improved by allowing λ and/or α to vary with experiment, interactions between experiment and infection, or replicate cages within experiments (see Appendix S1 for full details).
Invading pathogens compete for the limited transition metals in order to colonise and replicate during infection (Schaible and Kaufmann 2004).
