Antibiotic resistance typically occurs when an infecting bacterium acquires a plasmid that carries a gene encoding resistance to one or more antibiotics.
The inclusion is a unique biological organelle adapted from host cell exocytic vesicles induced by the infecting bacterium [5], [6].
In addition, some proteins show a different expression pattern depending on the type of infecting bacterium, accentuating the complexity of the immune response of C. elegans.
In the plant xylem infecting bacterium X. fastidiosa, rpfF encodes a diffusible signal factor (DSF) synthase involved in the biosynthesis of a QS signalling molecule.
The scenario proposed here implies that geminiviruses emerged in plant cells through introduction of a structural element (capsid-coding gene) of a plant virus into a plasmid liberated from a plant infecting bacterium.
3 4 Infection with these STIs is usually easily treated with antimicrobials but, in the case of gonorrhoea, is complicated by the ability of the infecting bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, to develop resistance rapidly.
