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Cervical squamous cell abnormalities in HIV-infected women, compared with women who are not infected, progress more rapidly to more significant cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or even invasive cervical cancer[ 3].
About 160 million people worldwide are infected with HCV [ 9] and around 80% of those infected progress to chronic infection.
TB is largely caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) which has infected around a third of the world population, but only 3~10% of those infected progress to active disease in their lifetime, and up to 90% of infected people are asymptomatic with a latent infection [ 3].
Approximately 5% of those infected progress to active disease within the first two years, but the majority experience a state of prolonged latency with a life-time risk of 10-15% eventually progressing to active disease [ 2].
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The Δ32 allele occurs relatively frequently in Caucasian populations and while heterozygotes are not wholly resistant to HIV, they are less susceptible to infection, and once infected, they progress to AIDS at a slower rate than people with wild-type CCR5.
Incident TB case-patients include those recently infected who progress rapidly to active TB and those with remote infection who progress after years of latency and are later diagnosed with active TB.
About 80% of newly infected patients progress to develop chronic infection.
A person who becomes infected may progress to active disease within a short time (a matter of a few weeks) or at any time during the course of his or her life or even not at all.
Among patients infected by C. burnetii, infection progresses to chronic Q fever in 1%–5%, months to years after primary infection (2, 4, 6 ).
Undetected latently infected individuals who progress to active disease do so in two different ways.
Both HCV and HBV chronically infected patients may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [5].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com