The net LYG would be the number of LYG from an avoided case of HIV in an infant adjusted for their expected rate of disease progression had they contracted HIV, the LYG from the earlier diagnosis of a HIV positive mother and, the earlier diagnosis of an infant who still contracts HIV despite screening and prophylaxis also adjusted by their expected rate of disease progression.
The association was more pronounced among female infants (adjusted OR = 3.67 for the highest tertile, 95% CI: 1.50, 8.97) than among male infants (adjusted OR = 1.22 for the highest tertile, 95% CI = 0.48, 3.11) (p heterogeneity = 0.06).
Infant fat-free mass was positively correlated with infant glucose adjusted for insulin (r = 0.42, P value = 0.04).
Mixed effect models of infant growth adjusted for potential confounding factors confirm the significant association between maternal HIV and maternal nutritional status according to gestational MUAC with early infant growth outcomes (Table 5).
Interpretation of the results relating to risk factors for SGA and LGA infants took into account the fact that the "customized" classification of SGA and LGA infants had already been adjusted for infant sex, gestation, maternal ethnicity, parity, and BMI between 20 and 30 kg/m.
To separate effects on fetal growth from effects on length of gestation, investigators have examined low birth weight (< 2,500 g) in full-term infants, birth weight adjusted for gestational age, and small for gestational age (commonly defined as birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age).
Infant fat-free mass was inversely related to infant adiponectin concentrations (r = −0.48, P = 0.008) and positively correlated with infant blood glucose adjusted for insulin concentrations (r = 0.42, P = 0.04).
The effect of nutrition care (sites following the nutrition care guidelines) and type of clinic site on changes in glycated hemoglobin and infant birth weight, adjusted for other covariates, were evaluated using linear regression.
ii) After ensuring a normal distribution of α, linear regressions through the cross-sectional and longitudinal datasets were performed using a random-effects GLS regression model with infant-specific intercepts adjusted for sex and weight at the measurement.
Another study from Egypt has confirmed the importance of previous history of LBW infants (after adjusting for other risk variables) on increased chance of giving birth to a LBW infant [ 16].
