Japan began vaccinating schoolgirls — but not schoolboys — against rubella in 1976, then in 1989 switched to vaccinating infants of both sexes against rubella, measles and mumps with one shot.
Our primary objective was to describe neonatal outcomes in a sample that included term infants of both GDM mothers and mothers with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).
Similarly, the rate of preterm birth before 32 weeks was highest among the infants of both preeclamptic mothers (28.5%; odds ratio 4.7, 95% confidence interval 2.9 to 7.6) and those with chronic hypertension and preeclampsia (30.5%; odds ratio 3.5, 95% confidence interval 1.8 to 6.7).
Similarly, the relative abundances of Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae against the total Bacteria were not significantly different among vaginal-delivered infants of both health groups (Table 2).
The infants of both RCTs and controls were combined to form the Newcastle PTBGS cohort.
Ballard reported that term infants of both sexes had breast buds of 5 10 mm diameter and palpable adipose breast tissue (Ballard et al. 1979, 1991).
Incidence and nature of AEs in infants of both groups were similar, and no significant differences were found in terms of infants' weights, heights, or Apgar scores (Tables 1 and 3).
However, provided vaccine prices are similar, the financial resources required are very different, in large part due to differences in the size of the target populations (i.e., infants of both genders versus adolescent girls).
Furthermore there were no significant differences between the groups regarding the frequency of stooling, neither at baseline, at which point the infants of both groups had bowel movements 4.2 times/day, nor during the intervention weeks.
Compared to exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding is associated with increased morbidity and mortality for infants of both HIV-positive and HIV-negative mothers, and with increased HIV transmission for HIV-positive mothers [ 2- 5, 8, 9, 17].
