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The original scale consisted of 10 infant difficulties.
We observed no associations between infant difficulties with delivery mode, medication administered during labor and newborn functioning.
However, characteristics such as marital status, maternal and parental education, infant's gender, and birth order were not related with infant difficulties.
The aims of our study are to examine the frequency and continuity of infant difficult behaviors at 3 and 6 months of age, and to determine the biomedical and psychosocial factors linked with early infant difficulties.
The stability of infant difficulties was related to negative maternal and paternal emotional reactions (as reported by the mother) toward conception, low satisfaction with the couple's relationship before pregnancy, and rigid parent-centered maternal attitudes towards infant rearing.
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In the model assessing the effect of supportive coparenting on the course of infant difficulty, supportive coparenting at 3.5 months after birth predicted decreased infant difficulty from 3.5 to 13 months, as rated by fathers, but not mothers.
Cutrona and Troutman (1986) were among the first researchers to suggest a relationship between infant difficulty and PPD.
Interestingly, raw correlations from Davis et al. (2009) suggested a negative association between undermining coparenting and paternal perceptions of infant difficulty at 3.5 months.
Furthermore, paternal report of infant difficulty at 3.5 months was associated with a reduction of supportive coparenting behavior (both parents) between 3.5 and 13 months.
Although McGrath and colleagues (2008) found that depressed mothers were more likely to report increased infant difficulty at 2 and 6 months postpartum compared to non-depressed mothers, infant temperament was assessed with a 3-item measure that may have not been adequate to fully assess maternal perception of this construct.
Predominant problems identified by parents are infants' difficulties in falling asleep and staying asleep [ 2], which create fragmented sleep and/or short sleep duration.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com