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The legacy of communist times--in particular, the traditional underfunding of science and inefficient research system--puts Eastern European scientists on unequal footing with Western groups, Pál says.
Biomedical researchers are beset by low morale and high uncertainty, along with funding swings that economists say make for an inefficient research enterprise.
If resources are more plentiful, lack of coordination could lead to a rich but highly dispersed and inefficient research portfolio with little impact on development.
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That first taste of the food business revealed to Muchnick a few things… including how basic and inefficient the research and development process was in the food industry.
The university admissions system which allows pupils to apply before they know their A-level results is "unfair and inefficient", says research.
Overall, he says the approach is to look for industries that have not been disrupted and then pick "the best companies to do it", citing a couple of startups it's backed (InCrowd, BeMyEye) that are aiming to disrupt the "huge and inefficient market research industry", for example.
The overall shortage, sporadic availability, and inefficient administration of research funding have severely limited research development.
The overlap is inefficient: it duplicates research and development, reduces economies of scale and destroys pricing power.Companies often stay in markets where they cannot compete.
Companies find themselves limited by: inefficient investment in research and development; limited shareholder rights; ineffective corporate governance; zero protection of intellectual capital; capital markets corrupted by political favoritism; and CEO "kings" whose focus is split between the bottom line and political imperatives.
There is a growing awareness among practitioners and funders that this situation represents inefficient use of research dollars, missed opportunities to exploit prior investment, and a general loss for the scholarly community.
The availability of 1000 Genomes reference sequence has improved the ability to accurately capture low-frequency variants and may mean that low-pass sequencing individual studies is an inefficient use of research funds.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com