I show that regulation under these inefficient instruments (such as design standards or concentration standards) can lead to net losses under trade liberalization even if emissions are optimally adjusted for trade.
The problem is that institutional distortions, the excess costs of inefficient instruments, can rise with trade and offset the material gains from trade.
Sphygmomanometer, instrument for measuring blood pressure.
Womanhood becomes only an instrument for procreation.
An instrument for inflating bureaucracy".
Choose an instrument for detangling.
Choose the right instrument for you.
(3) Compared to carbon tax, CBTA would be a costly and inefficient policy instrument to reduce emissions, but could function as an effective coercion strategy.
For this reason among others, the classical instruments for planning are inefficient.
With large amount of curated image data available already and a further increase in volume expected due to more automatic instruments for ISH, it is difficult and inefficient for domain experts to keep relying fully on manual annotation.
