The extract appeared to be safe but largely ineffective in enhancing memory.
The word "sanctions" seems to be synonymous with "ineffective" in recent memory.
Regardless, the data imply that inhibition of γ-processing of APP, even using γ-secretase modulators that inhibit APP cleavage sparing γ-processing of other substrates, may be therapeutically ineffective in correcting memory deficits and, perchance, harmful on account of the increase in β-CTF.
Those failures have led to the realization that these drugs appear to be ineffective by the time memory and thinking problems have taken hold.
Surprisingly, the intra-NAc infusions of 0.005 μg/rat muscimol that has no effect on memory performance (ineffective dose) prevented METH-induced memory impairment.
This in itself could have distracted learners from the main learning task, that is, it may have put a significant extraneous (i.e., ineffective) load on working memory, at the expense of learning.
On the contrary, the unpaired CS/US protocol was ineffective in producing trace conditioning memory in our animals (Fig. S1), which is highly consistent with the well documented observations in literature [e.g. see 3], [7], [8], [11].
We have previously shown that whilst Treg can control graft rejection mediated by naïve BM3 T cells, such cells are entirely ineffective at controlling rejection by memory BM3 T cells [ 9].
Inactivating muscarinic receptor with scopolamine, at an ineffective dose (0.8 mg/kg) to alter memory in WT mice, decreased long-term but not short-term memory of 5-HTR4 KO mice.
Furthermore, intra-NAc infusions of D-AP5 with an ineffective dose (0.1 μg/rat) prevented METH-induced memory impairment.
