Five themes that contributed to effective or ineffective handovers emerged from our analysis: (1) lack of adequate information; (2) healthcare professionals' availability and opportunity for personal contact; (3) feedback, teaching and protocols related to handovers; (4) information technology facilitated communication solutions; and (5) the role and responsibility of patients.
As the decade was ending, buying stocks that were cheap relative to the worth of their earnings or assets was just as ineffective in emerging markets as it was in the United States.
As Goldstein put it, "Today the ineffective tenured teacher has emerged as a feared character, a vampiric type who sucks tax dollars into her bloated pension and health care plans, without much regard for the children under her care".
Surveillance systems current at the time the cholera epidemic emerged proved ineffective for both timely detection for containment and monitoring the spread of the disease.
We also found that while the existing priority-setting, planning, and budgeting mechanisms and policies seemed well suited for formal planning and allocation of funds, they emerged as ineffective in dealing with unanticipated changes during implementation, such as decreased or delayed resource allocation and inclusion of new programs and policy changes.
Programs were classified as "effective," "emerging," "ineffective," or "unclear" based on the strength of evidence, generalizability of results to developing country settings, and replication beyond the initial pilot.
The lesson I take from this experience is not that financial regulation and supervision are ineffective for controlling emerging risks, but that their execution must be better and smarter.
In Louisiana, where teachers are rated as either "ineffective," "effective-emerging," "effective-proficient" or "highly effective," researchers found that "a student in a school in the highest-poverty quartile is almost three times as likely to be taught by a teacher rated ineffective as a student in a school in the lowest-poverty quartile".
However, cases of ineffective PD-1 treatment have also emerged in the observation of clinical trials (Herbst et al., 2014; Tumeh et al., 2014; Rizvi et al., 2015).
Clever and well connected, Mr Wolfowitz seemed an interesting gamble when he was appointed; but he became an isolated and ineffective leader long before the recent scandal emerged (see article).
