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The pharmaceutical industry sponsored 78% of them.
Promoting transparency in pharmaceutical industry–sponsored research.
Industry sponsored projects were often RCTs.
Industry sponsored studies had smaller efficacy estimates than non-industry sponsored studies (Table 1).
There were no systematic differences between the findings obtained from industry sponsored and non-industry sponsored trials (fig 5).
There were 33 multi-armed industry sponsored trials, compared with six multi-armed non-industry sponsored trials.
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As a possible explanation for the larger efficacy estimates observed among non-industry sponsored studies compared with industry-sponsored studies, we hypothesize that publication bias is more evident in non-industry sponsored studies than industry-sponsored studies across various outcomes of interest.
Therefore, publication bias is a possible explanation for the larger effect sizes observed in the non-industry sponsored animal studies compared to the industry-sponsored studies.
In fact, there is evidence that industry-sponsored and US-based studies are more likely to be published than non-industry sponsored or non-US based studies [ 27].
These findings support our hypothesis that publication bias is more evident in non-industry sponsored studies than industry sponsored studies.
We found potential evidence of publication bias, primarily in non-industry sponsored studies.
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