Several of these genetic markers are now available and used in industry marker-assisted selection programmes [ 11, 12].
Biomarkers have also a potential for the industry as pharmacodynamic markers and even surrogate endpoints for targeted clinical phase I to III studies [42].
One hundred and ninety-six of these markers (157 SSRs, 32 SNPs, 6 indels and 1 RAPD) were newly developed, mapped or provided by industry representatives as released markers, including 27 SNPs and 5 indels from genes involved in the organic acid metabolism and transport, and 58 EST-SSRs.
For example, Huang et al. (2012) reported significant differential expression of skeletal muscle miRNAs between fast-growing and slow-growing strains of Nile tilapia, indicating possible application of miRNAs as selection markers for aquaculture industry.
Improving the genetics of eucalyptus to improve pulping efficiency is a goal of the forest products industry, including traditional breeding [ 16], marker-assisted breeding [ 17], and genetically modified trees to reduce lignin content [ 18] and alter lignin monomer composition [ 19].
Over the past 25 years, the federal government's Energy Star program has become a valuable marker for all kinds of industries.
In the end, it appeared Stitzer was merely discussing the level at which previous deals in the industry had succeeded, rather than laying down a marker for an acceptable bid price for Cadbury.
But in an industry where earnings are viewed as the overwhelming marker of status, it's safe to assume that the figure is more than a passing concern for the contenders.
The foundation, in partnership with industry, is sponsoring an international study of biological markers that can help monitor progression of the disease.
And he continues to function as a marker of the limits of the entertainment industry's tolerance.
