Although substantial evidence exists that poultry industry interventions contributed to the decline in campylobacteriosis incidence in New Zealand, several alternative explanations should be considered.
This information has been instrumental in developing Food and Drug Administration and United States Department of Agriculture policies to reduce Listeria contamination of foods and in motivating industry interventions.
Specific food safety and poultry industry interventions were implemented beginning in 2006, in line with NZFSA's strategy for reducing the incidence of foodborne campylobacteriosis (Table).
It is difficult to attribute the decline in poultry-associated human disease to any single intervention, because a range of food safety and poultry industry interventions were implemented since 2006.
We expect that future outbreak investigations will continue to identify new food vehicles that can transmit L. monocytogenes to humans and identify new opportunities for consumer prevention education, industry interventions to reduce contamination, and regulatory control policies.
In 2006, high campylobacteriosis notification rates (>3,800 cases per million population) prompted increased research on Campylobacter spp., which resulted in the introduction of food safety and poultry industry interventions, including Campylobacter spp. performance targets at primary processing plants and promotion of freezing all fresh poultry meat (28 ).
That is something one sees, too, in the coal industry's intervention in the climate-change debate.
It's a threat to the environment and to poor people around the world — sacred values for liberals — but the right largely denies the scientific consensus, in part because many of the remedies would require limits on industry and intervention into markets (which would violate sacred values for some conservatives).
Common features across different models are that the project selects a potentially lucrative subsector or industry for intervention, involves a large number of individuals, facilitates the building of group-based social capital, and promotes public-private partnership.
