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Drug industry expenditures for research and development, while large, were consistently far less than profits.
And Gagnon and Lexchin's estimate of $57.5 billion on marketing excludes many industry expenditures that are really driven by marketing, including clinical trials conducted for marketing purposes.
Since Americans spent $55.72 million on pet industry expenditures in 2013, this translates into big business, with consumers demanding premium products and with price being almost no object.
Pharmaceutical industry expenditures for DTC advertising increased 330% between 1996 and 2005.
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The IEA's new World Energy Investment Outlook published last week revised the agency's estimates of future oil industry capital expenditures out to 2035 even higher, from $9.4 trillion to $11.3 trillion – an increase of 20%.
Researchers Marc-André Gagnon and Joel Lexchin conclude in a recent issue of the journal PLOS Medicine that direct-to-consumer ads make up less than a tenth of industry marketing expenditures ($4 billion of $57.5 billion in 2004).
For example, Baker argues that the industry's marketing expenditures are comparable to its expenditures on research -- so he reasons that if companies simply cut back on advertising, they could lower drug prices.
Over all, the industry's lobbying expenditures added up to $78 million during 2000.
The North devoted the bulk of its limited resources to outdated heavy industry and military expenditures, imposing one antiquated Stalinist economic plan after another with such a radical disregard for markets that it became dependent on Soviet largesse to feed its people and supply its fuel.
Workers' compensation laws alone did little to get industry to make expenditures to prevent occupational diseases.
If we have a house building strategy based on the building industry and consumer expenditure, not the long-term health of this country and the long-protection of what we hold dear, there is something very fundamentally wrong..
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