Exact(2)
Of the 49 clinically relevant trials, two (4.1%) were funded by industry; of the 87 clinically non-relevant trials, seven (8.0%) were funded by industry (difference −4.0%, −11.9% to 4.0%, table 5).
In order to clarify the complicated relationships between public funding and private investment in China's pharmaceutical industry, we analyzed the data in five aspects: total investment in the industry, funding sources of the whole industry, difference in provinces, difference in subsectors, and PE/VC investment.
Similar(6)
The authors describe several likely causes: differing amounts of experience (an explanation for 10% of the gap); occupational and industry differences (women are more likely to be in lower-paying service jobs) and simple discrimination (although this is hard to quantify).So why did the gender pay gap narrow in the 1980s and 1990s?
At the same time, considerable industry differences are observed.
One possibility is that the differential reflects finer occupation and industry differences or systematic differences in unobserved ability.
They have been estimated, firstly for the whole set of firms and, secondly, for the manufacturing and the service firms separately to control for industry differences.
According to the decomposition in Table 2, we can compute the proportions of the total variation in individual income as explained by region and industry differences, i.e., the intra-class correlations of the model.
Nobody wants to bite the bullet and say, if we're going to regulate innovation with a crude tool like patents, we should do it in a forthright and transparent way that takes economic factors and fundamental industry differences into account.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com