It is a commonly held view that differences in national histories, cultures, political contexts, and the timing of a country's entry into the industrialization process are reflected as diversity among countries in their goals, priorities, boundaries, directions, ranges, instruments and also in the performance of science and technology policy.
The industrialization process was guided by an alternation of administrations with different strategic objectives, so it is not surprising that, overall, we find that it failed to achieve self-sufficiency or even a more rational or coherent industrialization process.
Urban workers employed in the manufacturing sector and industrialists were now major social actors who demanded that the industrialization process be deepened, which hurt trade and took the economy close to autarky.
The literature says that the set of policies used by the Asian country, which caused this economic "miracle" or late industrialization process, were very different from Washington Consensus policies, largely based on manufacturing upgrading and characterized by strong intervention of the State (Wade 1990; Amsden 1992; Reinert 2007; Rodrik 2008; Stiglitz et al. 2013).
"Africa is still at the initial stage of industrialization, and the process is very likely to collapse without sustainable investment growth," the state-linked Global Times reported Monday.
The country's natural resources are limited, its industrialization process has been slow, and it has struggled with the balance of payments.
The industrialization of these processes is at present penalized by the high cost of hydrogen peroxide.
The industrialization of these processes is the key.
