It is a commonly held view that differences in national histories, cultures, political contexts, and the timing of a country's entry into the industrialization process are reflected as diversity among countries in their goals, priorities, boundaries, directions, ranges, instruments and also in the performance of science and technology policy.
The trends in therapeutic areas and industrialization process are also highlighted.
The industrialization process was guided by an alternation of administrations with different strategic objectives, so it is not surprising that, overall, we find that it failed to achieve self-sufficiency or even a more rational or coherent industrialization process.
Urban workers employed in the manufacturing sector and industrialists were now major social actors who demanded that the industrialization process be deepened, which hurt trade and took the economy close to autarky.
This incipient industrialization process is possible if the economy has enough capital i.e., if it is rich enough and labor; otherwise, the secondary sector will not be profitable and the economy will not be able to cushion the negative terms-of-trade shock.
The literature says that the set of policies used by the Asian country, which caused this economic "miracle" or late industrialization process, were very different from Washington Consensus policies, largely based on manufacturing upgrading and characterized by strong intervention of the State (Wade 1990; Amsden 1992; Reinert 2007; Rodrik 2008; Stiglitz et al. 2013).
The country's natural resources are limited, its industrialization process has been slow, and it has struggled with the balance of payments.
Finally, the crucial engineering issues for future industrialization process including kinetic study, reactor design & simulation and material recycling process are proposed.
After complete industrialization of light petroleum oil, hydrocracking processes are gradually applied for heavy oil and VR upgradation.
Use of electricity is a hallmark of the industrialization process, but there has been no suspicion that electricity could increase the risk of cancer.
