Robust industrial procedures have been established along classes of biocatalytic single-step reactions.
In particular, the following changes with respect to the standard industrial cultivation procedures were investigated: the use of a seawater-based medium, none or limited temperature control, nitrogen deprivation when carbohydrates or lipids are the target products.
These findings may have implications for the design of new vaccine strategies based on the use of HBV subviral particles as carriers for various transmembrane proteins and produced using the same industrial procedures that are established for the HBV vaccine.
When more than one product is involved, complex industrial engineering or operations research procedures are required to analyze the many factors that impinge on the problem.
Although changes of cohesive behaviour of powders is observed at high temperature in several industrial process units, conventional testers and procedures are still not suited for testing powder flow properties at high temperature.
Titration procedures are discussed and their relevance to industrial situations is stressed.
These procedures are cost effective and appropriate for industrial implementation to optimize the structural design.
This industrial casting procedure was successfully replicated in the laboratory by using an appropriately modified cube crushing machine and a special mould typical of what is used by industry.
However, the industrial application of this procedure is limited to just a few installations.
This is because this procedure can affect the ethanol production itself (or another primary metabolite), apart from directly adding an extra cost to the industrial procedure, where commercial margins are already narrow (Zhao et al. [2009]).
