If mood induction influences processing within prefrontal regions (such as those recruited by the Tower of London task [ 13,14]), it may influence performance on "cold" (but executive) cognitive tasks via a more top-down mechanism (9).
However, when combined with the time taken for sputum induction and processing (usually >90 min), this process is unlikely to be feasible for widespread use in large studies given the total time required (>2 h per participant).
Sputum induction and processing with dithiothreitol (DTT) was performed using standard methods as described previously [ 5], details on the generation and processing of the expression data can be found in [ 3].
The human monocytic cell line THP-1 has been a preferred in vitro model system to study the mechanisms of IL-1β induction and processing [19].
Sputum induction and processing was performed as described by Pizzichini et al [ 13] for the first 73 patients, and no sputum was collected for remaining patients.
Exhaled nitric oxide was assessed at 2 and 4 hours after HFM and sputum induction and processing were performed at baseline and 4 hours after HFM.
The induction and processing of sputum for a quantitative differential cell count is, however, very labour-intensive, time-consuming and therefore not suited to be performed in outpatient clinics.
Investigation of the target genes identified to be involved in cellulase regulation by analysis of gene knock out strains largely covering the involved pathways would be a logical further step towards elucidation of the mechanisms triggering induction, transcription, processing and secretion of cellulolytic enzymes.
The method is also employed in induction furnaces for melting and processing metals.
In summary, our study of the negative-stranded group of RNA viruses revealed that genome recognition by RIG-I is indeed a widespread phenomenon, but that hantaviruses, nairoviruses and bornaviruses avoid induction of antiviral responses by processing their RNA termini.
