In conclusion, our results suggest that the VNO system may harness these two opposing logical mechanisms to fulfill divergent duties in pheromone signal processing: detecting cues with high sensitivity while preventing non-specific induction of behaviors by false signals.
Consistent with a role for NMDARs in MDD, inescapable stress has been shown to lead to disruptions in NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity concurrent with induction of behavioral depression-like behavior (Trullas and Skolnick, 1990).
These findings suggest that subcutaneous BV stimulation of the Zusanli point activates central catecholaminergic neurons via capsaicin-insensitive afferent fibers without induction of nociceptive behavior.
Release of OT was not necessary for induction of receptive behavior: tactile stimulation alone and in combination with pheromone spray elicited a standing response in one third of the sows, but had no effect on OT release.
However, there remains the question of the stimulation pattern optimal for induction of manic behavior.
There are alternative explanations for the induction of resorptive behavior.
Thus, a rigid substrate is neither necessary nor sufficient for the induction of resorptive behavior.
This shows that it is the vitronectin, rather than the bone mineral, that is necessary for induction of resorptive behavior.
We therefore used podosome belts as a marker to test the properties of substrates that are responsible for the induction of resorptive behavior in osteoclasts.
To assess the role of p38 MAPK in LPS-induced cytokine production and the induction of sickness behavior, participants were treated with the p38 MAPK inhibitor BIRB796 (Boeringher Ingelheim) prior to LPS injection [7].
The formation and turn-over of new neocortical synapsis can be induced in an experience-dependent manner and is probably even increased after injury, hereby facilitating reorganization and recovery of function after injury [27], [28], [29] Hatton and colleagues demonstrated increased dendritic bundling of supraoptic neurons after the induction of maternal behavior [30].
