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These results combined with those by Sommerich et al [ 46] and Freeland et al are suggestive [ 47] of only a transient or even an absent serum cytokine response, dependent on several variables, such as the type of inducing task, the involved tissues, the timing of serum collection, such as before, during or after an acute injury phase or even the age of the individual or animal.
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Kouider, S., Andrillon, T., Barbosa, L. S., Goupil, L. & Bekinschtein, T. A. Inducing task-relevant responses to speech in the sleeping brain.
Future studies could attempt to directly compare affective and non-affective inducing tasks with a single participant group, looking for such FN variability.
In the context of sport, this assumption has been supported by many studies inducing tasks where perception and action were directly coupled (e.g., [7, 54, 55]).
A control group was not given the stress-inducing task.
Twenty HR and 20 LR subjects performed a stress-inducing task 30 min following the ingestion of either a placebo drink or a low dose of ethanol.
Session 3: Subjects received a placebo drink and 30 min later they performed a stress-inducing task (Matthews et al. 1987) to determine the presence of differences on the response of the HPA-axis to stress as a function of family history.
Session 4: Subjects were given an ethanol drink (0.50 g ethanol/kg body weight) 30 min prior to the performance of the stress-inducing task, to determine (1) whether alcohol prior to stress would modulate the stress response of the HPA-axis and (2) whether this ethanol effect on the stress response would be different between HR and LR subjects.
In future studies, this information should be recorded in order to compare physiological reactions while actually performing the stress-inducing task and while passively attending and observing the others being stressed.
By the end of the stress-inducing task, participants sitting in an upright posture displayed an overall more positive emotional state compared to those in the slumped posture group.
Therefore, we adopted 30-min 2-back test as a fatigue-inducing task.
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