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Potentiodynamic anodic polarization results revealed that the passive film breakdown was initiated in the crack opening, and that the concentration of chloride ions and corrosion products induced severe damage near to the DDC.
It has to be taken into account that this model also induced severe damage to the liver including bile duct hyperplasia, inflammatory cell invasion and parenchymal necrosis.
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The geographic situation of the grottoes with the local environmental conditions has induced severe damages.
These conditions induce severe damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, specifically, the reaction center of photosystem II (PSII), the Calvin cycle, and/or the thylakoid membranes, and can result in high levels of reactive oxygen species4,5,6,7,8,29.
Vertical seismic excitations (VSEs) could induce severe damage to building structures and infrastructural facilities, especially to those with large-spans or long cantilevers.
The hydroxyl radical is the most reactive and induces severe damage to adjacent biological molecules [33].
Among the oxygen radicals, hydroxyl radical is the most reactive and induces severe damage to adjacent biomolecules such as protein, DNA and lipids; cause's lipids peroxidation.
Seismic motion is significantly amplified in low-velocity sediments and sometimes induces severe damage to the shallow subsurface (e.g., Rubinstein and Beroza 2005; Sawazaki et al. 2009).
These findings confirmed that the clinical P. aeruginosa strain CHA is able rapidly to infect lungs and induce severe damage leading to death in these mice.
The hydroxyl radical is the most reactive radical and has the shortest half-life among other ROS due to its ability to induce severe damage to adjacent molecules.
Therefore, hydroxyl radical is regarded as one of the most reactive free radicals, which can induce severe damage of biomolecules [ 27].
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