As ETA is a model which considers complex relationships between the individual, the environment, and the task and is used as a system of evaluation and instruction [ 43], a combination of EMA and ETA may allow the factors inducing engagement in PA to be determined, as well as the influence of environmental limitations on participation in PA.
Both amplitude and triggering time-delay were similar to those induced by engagement of TCR/CD3 alone (Fig. 4C, Fig. S4).
As LFA-1 expressed in resting naïve T cells exists mainly in inactive low affinity state [6], results that LFA-1 played a key role in the pMV-absorption suggested the transition of LFA-1 to active high affinity state in the course of the pMV-absorption, which could occur via 'inside-out' signaling induced by engagement of 2C TCRs with Ld/QL9 (or Ld/P2Ca) complexes [14].
Naïve T cells do not express PD-1, which is induced following engagement of the T-cell receptor.
The death-receptor pathway is induced via engagement of death receptors, such as CD95, by their ligands.
Type I IFN are induced by engagement of innate immune receptors, including toll-like receptors (TLR) and retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG) I-like helicases (RLH).
CD27 activity is induced by engagement of CD70, a molecule that is found on activated T cells, B cells, and DCs.
The signaling cascade(s) of RAGE - induced by engagement of its various ligands - that ultimately activates NF-κB is largely unknown.
In human and murine innate immune cells, transcription of both miRNAs is induced by engagement of several TLRs and inflammatory cytokines or upon viral infection, although the extent and peak induction time may vary [ 6, 41- 45].
As RIP1/RIP3-dependent necrosis can be induced by engagement of death receptors such as TNFR-1 and TNF receptor superfamily member 6 (FasR) to form a death signaling complex with caspase-8, we may speculate that activation of RIP1/RIP3 in OHCs by noise occurs through stimulation of death receptors.
The Law of Potential: Only the enterprise that unleashes potential, through meeting its workers' innate needs, induces human engagement to its fullest.
