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Reliability of a buried flexible steel pipe with time-dependent failure modes, namely, corrosion induced deflection, buckling, wall thrust and bending stress has been assessed in this study.
The actuating device with four Z-tethers attached to the actuating diaphragm is thermally insensitive and can reduce thermally induced deflection at the center and avoid clamping effect at circumferential edge.
The shrinkage induced deflection calculated using the proposed shrinkage profile for each decking type (Eq. 31), together with the instantaneous and time-dependent deflection caused by the applied load (elastic and creep deflection), are in good agreement with the measured response of the slabs.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08177.008 The sinewave, 1 nA in amplitude and of varying frequency, was used to mimic the transducer current during the sound induced deflection of the hair bundle that would open and close the MT channels from their resting state.
This makes it possible to estimate building modification factors from the relevant design charts so that induced deflection ratios and horizontal strains, caused by adjacent excavation and tunnelling activities, can be calculated.
As shown in Table 4, there appeared to be little changes in the induced deflection and stresses at the joint due to the different dowel bar arrangements.
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Buildings should be designed so that they can resist earthquake induced deflections and internal forces.
Other tests, using antennae removed from honey bees, indicated that electrically induced deflections triggered reactions in a group of sensory cells, called the Johnston's organ, located near the base of the antennae.
The value between the two limit values represents a frame that induces bending deflection depending on the degree of the nodal rotation in the beam and column.
The effects of the axial force component and its induced bending moment, and the deflection-dependence of the moving forces on the dynamic behaviour of the system at various travelling speeds are investigated.
When heated, this beam will expand and induce bending moment and lateral deflection in the column as well as increased axial force in the beam itself.
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