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Strain gradients can induce polarization even in centrosymmetric materials.
Non-uniform strain can break the inversion symmetry and induce polarization even in non-piezoelectric dielectrics.
Our results show that uniform width microchannels with an overhanging zigzag design can induce polarization of NIH3T3 fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells by expanding the cell front at each turn.
Alternatively activated tissue remodeling/profibrotic macrophages were initially defined as being activated by exposure to IL-4 or IL-13, however, other stimuli can induce polarization to alternatively activated macrophages, resulting in subdivision of tissue remodeling/profibrotic macrophages into three subtypes.
Scratch wounding of confluent monolayers has been shown to induce polarization and migration [19], [20].
Thus, different T cells are able to induce polarization of target astrocytes.
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We use the time-domain induced polarization method to non-intrusively localize metallic pipes.
Two-dimensional chirality induced polarization conversion and asymmetric transmission have great potential for polarization applications.
The charged particle induces polarization of the molecules in the medium, and radiation is emitted upon relaxation of these molecules.
Coating induced polarization state variation cannot be neglected, if the angle of incidence (AOI) is too large.
The electric field induced polarization and strain for a series of bias stresses and the stress induced polarization and strain for a series of bias electric fields were measured.
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