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GABA did not induce metamorphosis of larvae at a significantly higher rate than the negative control, regardless of whether antibiotics were used or not.
This peptide is suggested to mimic endogenous molecules to initiate larval metamorphosis in Acropora spp. and to induce metamorphosis with high efficiency, taking a much shorter time to complete metamorphosis compared to metamorphosis induced by CCA [31].
To demonstrate this directly, we treated premetamorphic tadpoles at stage 54 with T3 for 0 6 days to induce metamorphosis.
Indeed the amphioxus thyroid system has recently been shown to induce metamorphosis [ 35], suggesting that mechanisms underlying metamorphosis are conserved between protochordates and vertebrates.
Upon emerging from the brood chamber A. queenslandica larvae are light-sensitive but are initially indifferent to environmental signals that can induce metamorphosis.
The lower 5 nM T4 concentration was sufficient to induce metamorphosis but the initiation timing was delayed and this proportionally delayed the time to complete metamorphosis.
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Thus, despite the long recognized role of marine bacterial biofilms as potent inducers of larval attachment and metamorphosis [18], no signaling molecule which induces metamorphosis has yet been characterized from a marine bacterium, severely limiting our capacity to understand the role of bacteria in mediating population and community dynamics of marine invertebrates.
As a graduate student, he worked with prestigious biologist Nikolai Koltzoff, experimenting with inducing metamorphosis in axolotl, a species of aquatic salamander.
Bacterial densities of 10,500±680 cells mm−2 induced metamorphosis in 100% of larvae.
Synthetic TBP induced metamorphosis of A. millepora larvae after 6 h (F = 48, p = 0.001, permutational ANOVA) (Fig. 5A).
A cue which induced metamorphosis was successfully isolated from the ethanol extract of J010 by bio-assay guided fractionation.
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