This concentration gradient of S100A4 induces direction guidance for TNTs.
With a mean feature height of only 5 6 nm, the CNW surfaces present the smallest features ever reported to induce contact guidance in skeletal muscle myoblasts, highlighting the potential for nanoscale materials for engineering oriented tissues such as skeletal muscle.
The filaments and grooves that have been shown to effectively induce contact guidance are 5 20 times larger than the fibrin fibers used in this study [41], [42], [43].
However, in retinal ischemia, pro-angiogenic factors (including vascular endothelial growth factor-A, VEGF-A) induce aberrant guidance of retinal vessels into the vitreous.
For example, in a previous publication we showed that micropatterned grooves can be used to induce contact guidance in MSCs in order to keep the cells elongated and aligned with the axis of cyclic uniaxial mechanical strain, which more accurately simulates the anisotropic mechanical forces existing within a blood vessel wall.
Comparing the four nanoridge spacings, we found that 1.5-μm-spaced nanoridges induce the greatest guidance, while 0.4-μm-spaced nanoridges induce the least guidance (see Supporting Information, Figure S2).
We found that the gratings with the larger nanoridge spacings induce little contact guidance.
To investigate the feasibility of using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), under dual-mode ultrasound arrays (DMUAs) guidance, to induce localized thermal damage inside ovaries without damage to the ovarian surface.
As previously mentioned, attractive and repulsive guidance cues induce the translation of mRNAs encoding proteins promoting actin assembly and disassembly, respectively (Leung et al., 2006; Piper et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2005; Yao et al., 2006).
Too many servers conflate good with frequently ordered, but at James recently a diner's request for guidance induced a waitress to recite nearly the whole menu — "seasonal-American... with 'old-world European influences,' " as the Web site has it.
