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In the latter attack, we assume that we can induce faults on a single nibble of intermediate states.
To retrieve K 31, we require also to induce faults on the nibbles of intermediate state at the beginning of the 28th round's S-box layer.
In this paper, we investigated the influences of faults at different stages of evolution on reservoir management and induced fault slippage.
The initial modelling results show that the likelihood of injection induced fault reactivation is exceedingly small, due to the very small pressure increases associated with injection (∼ 0.05 MPa after about 100 days of injection during the Stage 2C experiment).
Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) as the basic element of such hybrid technology is inherently robust against radiation induced faults.
RAP assumes that physically induced faults at the technology or CMOS device layer will eventually manifest themselves as a single or multiple bit flip(s).
Radiation induced faults in digital systems have started gathering major attention in recent years due to increasing reliability concern for future technologies.
Increased temperature on a fault can induce dynamic fault weakening by processes such as pressurization of interstitial fluid by thermal expansion, known as thermal pressurization (Sibson 1973; Lachenbruch 1980; Andrews 2002), and melt lubrication (Sibson 1975; Fialko and Khazan 2005).
If we can induce a fault on one bit of several nibbles of S 31 for each fault experiment, we can reduce the required number of faulty cipher texts to obtain S 31 and K 32.
For example, following Figure 4 which is drawn for a fault on the first nibble of the internal state of 29th round, if we induce another fault on the same nibble in the next experiment and assume that the output difference of the related S-box at round 29 is 3, it has overlapped with the previous fault and it does not provide us with new information.
In the second attack, we induce a fault on a single nibble of the intermediate states and we employ our first attack to retrieve the master key.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com