Thermal fluctuations induce an initial angle Θ0 between the magnetization of the storage layer and its easy axis [19], which is approximated by Equation 6. High temperature increases Θ0 and then reduces the STT switching duration, D switch.
where θ c and φ S indicate the criteria contact angle to induce an intermediate condition between the water spreading and the imbibition through the surface (θ = 0 and θ < π/2, respectively), and the solid fraction remaining dry, respectively.
Similarly, it has not been reported that volume change due to a small amount of Ru vacancy causing subtle change of the Ru-O-Ru bond angle can induce a significant change of spin configuration in SRO [1, 26].
Enlarged sections of the 8.5 day imaging plates from Figure 3 are provided for comparison next to 8.5 day old laboratory control plants grown at 45° angle to induce a similar degree of skewing as is seen in the flight plants.
An increase in the water layer thickness can be caused by a change in hydration of the head-group region due to the incorporation of the B12 molecules, which, at the same time, can also induce a reduction of the tilt angle of the lipid chains.
The ligament entheseal attachment angle is also clinically important because it can induce a strain concentration in the collagen fibers on the shorter (most proximal to interior angle) side of the tendon/ligament (Kim et al. 2011; Oh et al. 2013), with more acute angles inducing greater strains (Kim et al. 2011).
In fact, when using a 32-mm head diameter, an increase of 10° in cup anteversion angle induced an increase of 0.5 mm in the jumping distance (4%).
In the work, the factor of RMS alters the interfacial contact angles and induces an enhancement of wetting and adhesion by changing surface energy, as also reported in previous literature [40].
As a result, the large air-water interface fraction induced a high apparent contact angle.
