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For each society, we construct a dependence network of individuals, which only keeps the multiscale backbone of original friendship network (see construction of dependence network in Section 2). Figure 1 illustrates the dependence network from a virtual society and some basic statistics about the topological structure.
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Within each individual we detected two to three allelic variants in both H3 and EF1a, except for the Spanish individual which only had one allele of EF1a, while it had three allelic variants of H3.
The vast majority of P. serotina plants occurred under pylons (99.9% of 5820 individuals) of which only 0.7% (42 individuals), found under 12 pylons, were fruiting.
Sweepstakes reproductive success, extreme variation in the reproductive success of individuals, in which only a limited number of individuals contribute to the next generation, affects temporal population genetic structure in some species [ 11- 14].
All 11 genes and all individuals (in total 255 SNPs) were used in one analysis whereas a more stringent approach, excluding 15 individuals for which only a few genes were successfully sequenced and filtering loci with more than 15% missing data, left loci from seven genes represented by 112 SNPs to be analyzed.
Subsequently, this model is used to predict genotypic values of nonphenotyped individuals for which only marker data are available.
All analyses included all available sequences, i.e. also individuals for which only cyt b was available.
For example, for individuals for which only dams were genotyped (category Dam), the % of maternal alleles imputed was high.
The model is used to predict the phenotypic value of individuals for which only the marker information is available (called the validation set or testing set).
This explains the lack of power of the interval mapping that is based on bootstrap analysis of a family of 90 individuals of which only two are informative.
We did not include costs attributable to productivity loss, since our sample consisted of older widowed individuals of which only a small part (14%) was employed at baseline.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com