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Because in most cases miRNAs downregulate the expression of their target genes by inducing cleavage and degradation of mRNAs or by inhibiting protein translation [4], [5], and we observed downregulation of these cancer-related miRNAs in older individuals, we hypothesized that the levels of PI3K would be elevated in older participants.
Given the high concordance of cleft palate and micrognathia in the affected individuals, we hypothesized that SATB2 may be a target of the transcription factor SOX9 as CRMs affecting SOX9 are a significant cause of PRS (7).
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Because VEGF and PlGF levels are elevated in sickle cell patients when compared with normal individuals 23, we hypothesized that these angiogenic factors also regulate KCC expression in erythroid cells.
The complement of ESR1 splice variants in frontal cortex differs between individuals, and we hypothesized that the variability in ESR1 mRNA isoforms may relate to psychiatric diagnosis and may be influenced by genetic variation in intronic regions proximal to splice donor and acceptor sites.
Based on the properties of the individual herbs, we hypothesized that BCT may protect the gastric mucosa from oxidative stress induced by ethanol administration by enhancing the antioxidant system.
While GA/PLS has hitherto been applied to identify genes relevant to individual responses, we hypothesized that a similar approach could be developed to identify genes that regulate multiple cellular responses.
At the level of individual characteristics, we hypothesized that younger cohorts and those with a higher level of education would be more likely to develop autonomy preferences, thus making it more likely for them to take an active role in the union formation process and as a result, choose a second-generation or native partner.
Our motivation for choosing young, trained individuals was that we hypothesized that antioxidant supplementation would affect adaptations in the muscle.
Because quality of health care in general is worse for foreign-born individuals (8), we hypothesize that compared with persons born in the U.S., immigrants will have lower quality of diabetes care.
While prior epidemiologic studies have focused on individual disease manifestations, we hypothesized that the degree of hemolysis is a key determinant influencing a phenomic spectrum of complications that reflect the severity of sickle vasculopathy [10] [13].
Additionally, while it is likely that the current paradigm in tumor sequencing calls for tumor samples to be matched with control samples from the same individual [ 44], we hypothesized that comparing diverse population may shed light on tumor-specific behavior rather than on sample-specific behavior.
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