Tracking the labeled organisms using different Quantum dots, or any mixture of different Quantum dot colors (Fig. 3), provides opportunities to individually track a large number of individuals, populations or groups of, for example, differently treated organisms.
The public availability of full or almost full genomic sequence databases for humans and a multitude of other species has allowed researchers to compare and contrast genomic information between individuals, populations, and species.
Genetic marker, any alteration in a sequence of nucleic acids or other genetic trait that can be readily detected and used to identify individuals, populations, or species or to identify genes involved in inherited disease.
There are many positive and negative effects cloning could have on individuals, populations, and ecosystems.
Patterns and processes resulting from interactions between individuals, populations, species and communities in landscapes are the core topic of ecology.
The multifaceted scientific topics in agriculture sciences may be consistently supported by NGS omics for single individuals, populations, or communities [19 21].
He underlined that one of the main challenges would be to link molecular and cellular interactions and effects to individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems.
For over a century, white pine blister rust (WPBR), caused by the introduced fungal pathogen, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch., has affected white pine (Subgenus Strobus) individuals, populations, and associated forest communities in North America.
Limited life span and senescence are universal phenomena, controlled by genetic and environmental factors whose interactions both limit life span and generate variation in life span between individuals, populations and species.
These developments are revolutionizing the scope and scale of questions that can be asked about the causes and consequences of movement and are redefining how we view and manage individuals, populations, and entire ecosystems.
A growing body of evidence suggests that even local extinctions in response to climate change may have profound impacts on communities of organisms and thus the loss of individuals, populations, and species is of considerable interest to evolutionary as well as conservation biologists (Blois et al. 2013; Lurgi et al. 2012).
