In most human obesity cases [ 41], as well as in model animals e.g. mice [ 42], obese individuals displayed elevated plasma leptin levels compared to subjects of normal weight, thus demonstrating "leptin resistance".
Hostile individuals often display elevated circulating levels of cortisol and catecholamines as well as heightened cortisol and catecholamine reactivity to stress (2,23,47).
Though other studies have shown that active TB contributes to systemic inflammation in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, the finding that individuals latently co-infected with TB also display elevated T-cell activation has not been previously described, and may be important for understanding the interplay between HIV and TB in individuals and in populations.
Our results revealed that C58/J mice display elevated activity levels by postnatal day 6, which persist into adulthood.
Cells derived from mice lacking telomerase RNA component (mTERC−/− mice) display elevated telomere-mediated chromosome instability.
Despite longer TPN courses and elevated serum transaminases, infants with cholestasis or elevated serum direct bilirubin did not display elevated urinary TBARS.
NET knockout mice display elevated cardiac NE, hypertension and tachycardia [ 44].
Interestingly, the tinnitus group did not display elevated gap thresholds in any of the four stimuli.
HIV + individuals also displayed elevated CRP and soluble CD14 levels compared to HIV- individuals, but there were no correlations between CRP or soluble CD14 and specific antibodies.
Table 2 shows that individuals with FM displayed elevated glutamate+glutamine (Glx) and an elevated Glx/Cr ratio in the posterior gyrus (P = 0.049 and P = 0.034, respectively) compared with healthy controls.
