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Sections were covered and visualized on an apotome microscope as individual stains and merged images.
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p16 was the most sensitive and specific individual stain (sensitivity, 33%; specificity, 93%; positive predictive value [PPV], 81%; negative predictive value [NPV], 58%).
At the cell level, let t p i,t n i,f p i and f n i respectively denote the true positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives for an individual staining pattern class c i.
Appropriate filters were selected for the individual staining.
Isotype antibodies for individual staining antibodies were used to define positive and negative staining.
Hence, in the case of two stains, the color system can be described as
Thresholds were set just above the background staining for each individual staining.
A positive control (liver) was included in each individual staining process.
Reproducibility and error rates highly depend on the individual staining pattern of each case.
Debate also surrounds the utility of individual staining methods or whether histological diagnosis is still the gold standard [ 68].
The results of the scoring system for each individual stain as well as for the cumulative scores were expressed as mean (±SD) and median scores.
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