However, some users are skeptical about its performance for it could be affected by perturbations in the uncertainty metrics associated with individual rules, suggesting that the power in the system was coupled more to its knowledge representation and reasoning scheme than to the details of its numerical uncertainty model [ 18].
A way of addressing this is to identify the stimulus-response function at the individual scale, that is the individual following rule that can account for the observed collective outcomes.
Considering the ubiquitous nature of gregariousness observed in grazing herbivores, we therefore expect that in a wide range of ungulate species and more generally in many vertebrates, individuals may follow rules that conform to the general principles revealed here.
Given that we know monkeys form groups, and that grouping is a prerequisite for copying, we choose individual-level grouping rules that ensure grouping is reasonably represented.
For years, there has been talk of moving towards closer fiscal union, with a mechanism for moving resources from rich to poor parts of the single currency in return for the willingness of individual governments to accept rules that would enforce budget discipline.
By being a contrarian, Dr. Gardner discovered that individual managers often have rules that differ from what is considered the norm.
The individual follows several simple rules that characterize each of his responses to the changes in the group and mobility environment.
The temporal evolution of each individual descriptor follows simple rules that can be easily analyzed to retrieve properties of the overall graph.
Conversely, if it was in fact low C-centrality that was analogous to increased fitness, individuals could use organizational rules that would hamper the emergence of high C-centrality individuals in a group (perhaps also ensuring that they themselves would not emerge as one), as was observed in our affiliation-driven networks.
It was converted to a co-op in the 1970s, with rules that gave individual loft owners unusually broad powers to renovate their units.
